As Christians, we are often called to deepen our relationship with God through spiritual practices such as fasting. This discipline, practiced throughout biblical history and encouraged by the Catholic Church, helps us seek divine intervention during moments of challenge or difficult situations. Today, we will explore the essential principles of fasting: its definition, its significance for Christians, when and why to fast, along with some biblical examples and practical advice for fasting effectively.
1. What is Fasting?
As Father Raphael explained yesterday evening, fasting is the privation of food for a spiritual purpose.
2. Should Christians Fast?
Yes, Christians are expected to fast. Early in His ministry, Jesus said:
"When you fast, anoint your head and wash your face, so that you may not appear to men to be fasting, but to your Father who is in secret; and your Father, who sees in secret, will reward you openly." - Matthew 6:17-18
Biblical thinkers, both Catholic (e.g., Dr. Brant Pitre) and Protestant (e.g., Derek Prince), have noted that Jesus said "when you fast," not "if you fast," demonstrating that He expected fasting to be a regular part of the Christian life. Fasting is not optional but integral to Christian spirituality.
3. When to Fast?
The Church encourages fasting frequently. Examples include:
- Annual fasts, such as during the Lenten season or special occasions like October 7, 2024, when Pope Francis called all Christians to fast for peace.
- Weekly fasts, particularly on Fridays, as a traditional practice.
According to the Code of Canon Law:
- Can. 1251: "Abstinence from meat or other food as determined by the Episcopal Conference is to be observed on all Fridays, unless a solemnity should fall on a Friday. Abstinence and fasting are to be observed on Ash Wednesday and Good Friday."
- Can. 1252: "The law of abstinence binds those who have completed their 14th year. The law of fasting binds those who have attained their majority, until the beginning of their 60th year. Pastors and parents should teach even those exempted from fasting the true meaning of penance."
Source: Vatican Code of Canon Law
4. Why Fast?
We fast to invite divine intervention in challenging situations. Biblical examples include:
- Esther: Fasted 3 days to avert genocide. (Esther 4:16)
- Elijah: Fasted 40 days before encountering God and receiving a mission. (1 Kings 19:8)
- Moses: Fasted 40 days to bring God's directives to Israel. (Exodus 34:28)
- Jesus: Fasted 40 days before His public ministry. (Matthew 4:1-2)
- The Church in Antioch: Fasted before sending St. Paul and St. Barnabas on their mission. (Acts 13:2)
- Daniel: Fasted 21 days for Israel's freedom. (Daniel 10:2-3)
As Ezra testified:
"So we fasted and petitioned our God about this, and He answered our prayer." - Ezra 8:23
5. How to Fast?
When fasting, remember these three elements:
- Attitude: Approach fasting with humility and kindness. Avoid arrogance; be gracious, helpful, and Christlike.
- Prayer: Use meal times for prayer, Bible reading, and spiritual reflection.
- Faith: Trust that God will reward your fasting. "Without faith, it is impossible to please Him; for he who comes to God must believe that He exists and that He rewards those who diligently seek Him." - Hebrews 11:6
6. How Long Should a Fast Last?
Fasting duration depends on its purpose. In the Bible, we see examples of 40 days, 21 days, and 3 days. For hours, many break their fast at 3 PM, 6 PM, or midnight.
When breaking a fast, eat light meals, as your body needs gradual adjustment.
7. Types of Fasts
- Dry Fast: No food or drink.
- Light Fast: No food but allows water or juices.
- Partial Fast: Simple foods (e.g., legumes, water) while avoiding delicacies.
For our Friday fasts, a light fast is recommended.
Note:
Fasting is not a competition. Choose what suits your strength and health, and seek guidance if unsure. Fasting, like prayer, can be learned. Feel free to ask for advice as you grow in this discipline.
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